The following terms define Building & Machine Parts
- S-
sally: rafter projection notched to fit over & extend
beyond plate or horizontal beam.
sandwich panel: wall or other structural panel consisting
of core of one material between two sheets of a different material.
sash: movable frame that contains glass windowpanes.
scab: wood piece nailed to two butting pieces of wood
as splice.
scantling: beam or timber of small cross section, such
as 2x4.
scarf joint joint in which two timbers are fitted together
with end laps & held together by bolts or straps.
sconce: cover, protective shell.
scrap: used metal parts reclaimed for other uses.
screen: frame covered with mesh, usually of wire.
scupper: opening in building wall, used for drainage
from flat roof.
shackle: U-shaped fastener with pin.
shaft: rotating cylinder; column that supports rotating
machine elements.
shank: straight or central element of fitting or tool:
loop or eye on back of solid button.
sheathing: material used to cover roof rafters or exterior
wall studs.
shell: outer covering or framework.
shim: thin piece of material used to smooth, l evel,
or finish area between two irregular surfaces.
shiplap: siding boards with overlapping joints along
edges, applied over sheathing.
shoring: wood or metal braces used for temporary support
during building construction.
shunt: switch used to deflect motion.
shutter: device that controls passage of light.
shuttle: device that controls back-and-forth movement.
siding: surface covering for exterior building walls.
sill: horizontal member at base of window or door.
sill plate: horizontal structure bolted to foundation
beneath flooring.
skid: plank or low platform on which load is supported.
slab: strip of concrete, poured as single piece, especially
reinforced concrete floor.
slat: flat, narrow strip.
sleeper: wood member attached to concrete floor as base
for wood floor.
sleeve: tube that surrounds another part.
sluice: gated or valved water channel.
soffit: undersurface of cornice from fascia to wall;
plancier.
soil pipe: drainage system component that receives waste
discharged from toilet & sometimes from other plumbing waste pipes.
soil stack: vertical soil pipe.
soleplate: horizontal member in sub-floor below line
of wall studs.
sound: insulation section of insulating material that
damps sound waves.
spar: lengthwise support structure.
spider: machine part consisting of several radiating
spokes or arms, usually not connected at outer ends.
spile: peg or plug made of wood, often used as spigot.
spindle: pin or shaft that holds rotating bit or wheel.
spit: pointed, narrow rod.
splice: joint made by weaving together rope ends.
spline: thin wood strip fitted into grooves.
splint: flexible strip used for weaving & bracing.
spoke: radial reinforcement for wheel.
spool: cylindrical container used to wind & store
rope & chain.
spout: chute used to move loose substances or liquids;
projecting lip through which liquid is poured.
spring flexible wire coil that provides resilience & absorbs shocks.
sprocket: one of series of teeth or points on wheel
rim arranged to fit links of chain or another set of sprockets.
spur: projecting element.
stack: vertical shelves, pipes, or flues.
staff: shaft, rung.
stanchion: upright support bar or beam.
standard: upright support or support structure.
stave: strip of wood curved & bound with others to
form vessel.
steel framing: structural frame made from steel members.
stem: shaft, support.
stile: vertical member, especially of panel door.
stilt pole: that supports & elevates structure or load.
stock: main upright part of supporting structure.
stool: interior, horizontal molding on window sill between
jambs.
stop: wood strip used to hold window in place or against
which door closes.
story pole: pole cut to height between floor & ceiling & marked with minor dimensions for use in construction.
strake: single line of planking that extends the entire
length of a structure, especially ship.
strap: narrow, flexible band of leather or fabric that
binds or secures objects.
strike plate: metal plate set in door frame, to receive
lock plunger.
stringer: side of stair cut to receive threads long,
horizontal timber connecting upright posts.
strip: long, thin section of material.
structural component: portion, element, or raw material
used in something built or constructed strut bar or piece that resists
longitudinal pressure or stress along its length.
stud: vertical framing member for wall, usually wood.
sub-floor: boards nailed directly to floor joists, used
as base for finished floorboards or carpets.
sump: pit, trap, or reservoir that collects liquid.
support: element that bears weight of another part or
parts.
suspended ceiling: ceiling hung from floor or loot above
it.
switch: device used to open or close flow
especially electric current.
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